KVM のテンプレート OS を作る

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KVM のゲスト OS を作成するのに、preseed より手軽な方法がないか探していたら、ubuntu-vm-builder というのを見つけたので試してみる。

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前提

今回は次のような前提で話を進める。

  • ホスト、ゲストの OS はともに Ubuntu 12.04 Server amd64
  • すでにホスト OS で KVM やブリッジは設定済み

準備

必要となるパッケージを入れておく。

$ sudo apt-get install ubuntu-vm-builder

手順

最初はゲスト OS が何もない状態。

$ virsh list --all
 Id Name                 State
----------------------------------

作成するゲスト OS が、初回起動時に実行するスクリプト (firstboot) を用意しておく。使いドコロは kickstart で言うところの %post と似たような感じだと思う。

$ vi firstboot.sh
# シリアルコンソールの有効化
echo 'start on stopped rc RUNLEVEL=[2345]
stop on runlevel [!2345]
respawn
exec /sbin/getty -L 115200 ttyS0 xterm' > /etc/init/ttyS0.conf

echo 'GRUB_DEFAULT=0
GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0
GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT_QUIET=true
GRUB_TIMEOUT=10
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian`
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="console=tty0 console=ttyS0,115200n8"
GRUB_TERMINAL=serial
GRUB_SERIAL_COMMAND="serial --speed=115200 --unit=0 --word=8 --parity=no --stop=1"' > /etc/default/grub

update-grub

いよいよ ubuntu-vm-builder を使って precise (12.04) のゲスト OS を作成する。引数は適宜調整する (すべてのオプションは、この記事の下部で紹介する)。

$ GUEST_NAME=tmpl_ubuntu1204
$ sudo ubuntu-vm-builder kvm precise \
      --mem 512 \
      --destdir=${GUEST_NAME} \
      --libvirt qemu:///system \
      --install-mirror=http://jp.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu \
      --hostname=${GUEST_NAME} \
      --timezone=Asia/Tokyo \
      --bridge=br0 \
      --ip=172.16.100.255 \
      --mask=255.255.0.0 \
      --gw=172.16.0.2 \
      --dns=172.16.0.2 \
      --addpkg acpid \
      --addpkg openssh-server \
      --firstboot ${PWD}/firstboot.sh

しばらく待つと完了する。ちなみにローカルに apt-cacher を建ててそれを参照するようにしたところ、2回目以降は8分弱で済むようになった。

2014-02-01 19:25:49,130 INFO    : Calling hook: preflight_check
2014-02-01 19:25:49,133 INFO    : Calling hook: set_defaults
2014-02-01 19:25:49,133 INFO    : Calling hook: bootstrap\
  :
2014-02-01 19:33:14,393 INFO    : Calling hook: fix_ownership
2014-02-01 19:33:14,394 INFO    : Calling hook: deploy

ゲスト OS が作られたか確認する。

$ virsh list --all
 Id Name                 State
----------------------------------
  - tmpl_ubuntu1204      shut off

KVM のゲスト OS の設定に、コンソールに関する記述を追記する。

$ virsh edit tmpl_ubuntu1204
      :
    <!-- ↓ここから -->
    <serial type='pty'>
      <target port='0'/>
    </serial>
    <console type='pty'>
      <target type='serial' port='0'/>
    </console>
    <!-- ↑ここまで -->
  </devices>
</domain>

ゲスト OS を起動する。

$ virsh start tmpl_ubuntu1204
Domain tmpl_ubuntu1204 started

KVM のコンソールで接続する。User/Pass は ubuntu/ubuntu でログインできる。

$ virsh console tmpl_ubuntu1204
Connected to domain tmpl_ubuntu1204
Escape character is ^]

Ubuntu 12.04.4 LTS (none) ttyS0

(none) login:

以上、コマンド操作だけで手軽にゲスト OS が作成できた。

あとは ssh の鍵を置いたり追加のパッケージを入れたりして、好きなようにカスタマイズする。ゲストを clone したら、virt-config でネットワーク設定を更新すれば良い。

オプション

ubuntu-vm-builder のすべてのオプションは、次のコマンドで確認できる。

$ ubuntu-vm-builder <hypervisor> <distro> --help

precise の場合は次のように表示される。

$ ubuntu-vm-builder kvm precise --help
Usage: ubuntu-vm-builder hypervisor suite [options]

Options:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  --version             Show version information

  Build options:
    --debug             Show debug information
    -v, --verbose       Show progress information
    -q, --quiet         Silent operation
    -o, --overwrite     Configuration file
    -c CONFIG, --config=CONFIG
                        Configuration file
    --templates=DIR     Prepend DIR to template search path.
    -d DESTDIR, --destdir=DESTDIR
                        Destination directory
    --only-chroot       Only build the chroot. Don't install it on disk images
                        or anything.
    --chroot-dir=CHROOT_DIR
                        Build the chroot in directory.
    --existing-chroot=EXISTING_CHROOT
                        Use existing chroot.
    -t DIR, --tmp=DIR   Use TMP as temporary working space for image
                        generation. Defaults to $TMPDIR if it is defined or
                        /tmp otherwise. [default: /tmp]
    --tmpfs=SIZE        Use a tmpfs as the working directory, specifying its
                        size or "-" to use tmpfs default (suid,dev,size=1G).

  Disk:
    --rootsize=SIZE     Size (in MB) of the root filesystem [default: 4096]
    --optsize=SIZE      Size (in MB) of the /opt filesystem. If not set, no
                        /opt filesystem will be added.
    --swapsize=SIZE     Size (in MB) of the swap partition [default: 1024]
    --raw=PATH          Specify a file (or block device) to use as first disk
                        image (can be specified multiple times).
    --part=PATH         Specify a partition table in PATH. Each line of
                        partfile should specify (root first):      mountpoint
                        size  one per line, separated by space, where size is
                        in megabytes. You can have up to 4 virtual disks, a
                        new disk starts on a line containing only '---'. ie:
                        root 2000      /boot 512      swap 1000      ---
                        /var 8000      /var/log 2000

  Settings for the initial user:
    --user=USER         Username of initial user [default: ubuntu]
    --name=NAME         Full name of initial user [default: Ubuntu]
    --pass=PASS         Password of initial user [default: ubuntu]
    --rootpass=ROOTPASS
                        Initial root password (WARNING: this has strong
                        security implications).
    --uid=UID           Initial UID value.
    --gid=GID           Initial GID value.
    --lock-user         Lock the initial user [default: none]

  Other options:
    --ssh-key=PATH      Add PATH to root's ~/.ssh/authorized_keys (WARNING:
                        this has strong security implications).
    --ssh-user-key=SSH_USER_KEY
                        Add PATH to the user's ~/.ssh/authorized_keys.
    --manifest=PATH     If passed, a manifest will be written to PATH

  General OS options:
    -a ARCH, --arch=ARCH
                        Specify the target architecture.  Valid options: amd64
                        i386 lpia (defaults to host arch)
    --hostname=HOSTNAME
                        Set NAME as the hostname of the guest. Default:
                        ubuntu. Also uses this name as the VM name.

  Scripts:
    --firstboot=PATH    Specify a script that will be copied into the guest
                        and executed the first time the machine boots.  This
                        script must not be interactive.
    --firstlogin=PATH   Specify a script that will be copied into the guest
                        and will be executed the first time the user logs in.
                        This script can be interactive.

  Post install actions:
    --copy=FILE         Read 'source dest' lines from FILE, copying source
                        files from host to dest in the guest's file system.
    --execscript=SCRIPT, --exec=SCRIPT
                        Run SCRIPT after distro installation finishes. Script
                        will be called with the guest's chroot as first
                        argument, so you can use 'chroot $1 <cmd>' to run code
                        in the virtual machine.

  Package options:
    --addpkg=PKG        Install PKG into the guest (can be specified multiple
                        times).
    --removepkg=PKG     Remove PKG from the guest (can be specified multiple
                        times)
    --seedfile=SEEDFILE
                        Seed the debconf database with the contents of this
                        seed file before installing packages

  Network:
    --domain=DOMAIN     Set DOMAIN as the domain name of the guest [default:
                        host.example.com].

  Installation options:
    --suite=SUITE       Suite to install. Valid options: dapper gutsy hardy
                        intrepid jaunty karmic lucid maverick natty oneiric
                        precise quantal raring saucy [default: lucid]
    --flavour=FLAVOUR, --kernel-flavour=FLAVOUR
                        Kernel flavour to use. Default and valid options
                        depend on architecture and suite
    --variant=VARIANT   Passed to debootstrap --variant flag; use minbase,
                        buildd, or fakechroot.
    --iso=PATH          Use an iso image as the source for installation of
                        file. Full path to the iso must be provided. If
                        --mirror is also provided, it will be used in the
                        final sources.list of the vm.  This requires suite and
                        kernel parameter to match what is available on the
                        iso, obviously.
    --mirror=URL        Use Ubuntu mirror at URL instead of the default, which
                        is http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu for official
                        arches and http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports
                        otherwise
    --proxy=URL         Use proxy at URL for cached packages
    --install-mirror=URL
                        Use Ubuntu mirror at URL for the installation only.
                        Apt's sources.list will still use default or URL set
                        by --mirror
    --security-mirror=URL
                        Use Ubuntu security mirror at URL instead of the
                        default, which is http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu
                        for official arches and http://ports.ubuntu.com
                        /ubuntu-ports otherwise.
    --install-security-mirror=URL
                        Use the security mirror at URL for installation only.
                        Apt's sources.list will still use default or URL set
                        by --security-mirror
    --components=COMPS  A comma seperated list of distro components to include
                        (e.g. main,universe).
    --ppa=PPA           Add ppa belonging to PPA to the vm's sources.list.
    --lang=LANG         Set the locale to LANG [default: en_US.UTF-8]
    --timezone=TZ       Set the timezone to TZ in the vm. [default: UTC]

  libvirt integration:
    --libvirt=URI       Add VM to given URI
    --bridge=BRIDGE     Set up bridged network connected to BRIDGE.
    --network=NETWORK   Set up a network connection to virtual network
                        NETWORK.

  Network:
    --ip=ADDRESS        IP address in dotted form [default: dhcp].
    --mac=MAC           MAC address of the guest [default: random].
    --mask=VALUE        IP mask in dotted form [default: based on ip setting].
                        Ignored if ip is not specified.
    --net=ADDRESS       IP net address in dotted form [default: based on ip
                        setting]. Ignored if ip is not specified.
    --bcast=VALUE       IP broadcast in dotted form [default: based on ip
                        setting]. Ignored if ip is not specified.
    --gw=ADDRESS        Gateway (router) address in dotted form [default:
                        based on ip setting (first valid address in the
                        network)]. Ignored if ip is not specified.
    --dns=ADDRESS       DNS address in dotted form [default: based on ip
                        setting (first valid address in the network)] Ignored
                        if ip is not specified.

  VM settings:
    -m MEM, --mem=MEM   Assign MEM megabytes of memory to the guest vm.
                        [default: 128]
    --cpus=CPUS         Assign NUM cpus to the guest vm. [default: 1]

参考ページ

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